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Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
A vector used to clone DNA fragments (100- to 300-kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
An embryonic cell that can replicate indefinitely, transform into other types of cells, and serve as a continuous source of new cells.
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
Codominance
Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed.
Risk communication
In genetics, a process in which a genetic counselor or other medical professional interprets genetic test results and advises patients of the consequences for them and their offspring.
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material) present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants
Autosome
A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
Mutation
Any heritable change in DNA sequence.
Gene
The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. A gene is an ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromosome that encodes a specific functional product
Deletion.
A loss of part of the DNA from a chromosome; can lead to a disease or abnormality.
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